Abstracts and summary of earlier work
1998 to present:
See Reprints
1994 - 1997: Magnetotail currents, chaotic motion, and force balance.
This series of papers developed a consistent orbit tracing
method to study the plasma sheet.
The procedure used is a magnetic field version of the well known BGK method
that is used to
study electrostatic structures.
Several groups of chaotic ion orbits were traced in a model
magnetic field to determine the electric current that
each group of particles carry.
Electron currents were added by assuming electrons follow
guiding center orbits.
A least squares method then determined the combination
of the particle groups that most nearly carry the currents
needed to generate the preselected magnetic field model.
Only particle groups that were required, at a 95% confidence level,
to carry the necessary currents are retained.
jgr_v102_p22155_1997
"Nonguiding center motion and substorm effects in the Magnetotail,"
Richard L. Kaufmann, Ioannis D. Kontodinas, Bryan M. Ball, and Douglas J. Larson
jgr_v102_p22141_1997
"Force Balance and Substorm Effects in the Magnetotail,"
Richard L. Kaufmann, Douglas J. Larson, Ioannis D. Kontodinas, and Bryan M. Ball
jgr_v101_p21447_1996
"Structure of the magnetotail current system"
Douglas J. Larson and Richard L. Kaufmann
jgr_v99_p10941_1994
The deacy of suprathermal ion fluxes during the substorm recovery phase
Lynn M. Kistler, Douglas J. Larson, Eberhard Mobius, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
jgr_v99_p11277_1994
"Cross-tail current, field-aligned current, and By"
Richard L. Kaufmann, Chen Lu, and Douglas J. Larson
1987 - 1993: Substorm currents and mapping of auroral structures.
These studies illustrated how auroral zone structures map to regions
near the magnetopause.
It was found that circular structures near the magnetopause
can map to arc-like
structures in the ionosphere.
Another finding was that magnetic field changes with
the amplitudes observed
at geosynchronous altitudes during substorms require major
changes in the cross tail current system at altitudes well below
a radial distance of 15 Earth radii.
jgr_v98_p9321_1993
"Mapping and energization in the magnetotail, 2, Particle acceleration"
Richard L. Kaufmann, Douglas J. Larson, and Chen Lu
jgr_v98_p9307_1993
"Mapping and energization in the magnetotail, 1, Magnetospheric boundaries"
Kaufmann, R. L., Douglas J. Larson, Paul Beidl, and Chen Lu
jgr_v95_p7973_1990
Mapping and distortions of auroral structures in the quiet magnetosphere
Kaufmann, Richard L.; Larson, Douglas J.; Lu, Chen
jgr_v94_p15307_1989
Electric field mapping and auroral Birkeland currents
Kaufmann, Richard L.; Larson, Douglas J.
jgr_v92_p7471_1987
Substorm currents - Growth phase and onset
Kaufmann, Richard L.
1981 - 1989: Auroral electron and ion beams.
The effects of ion beams emitted by rockets in the ionosphere
were examined.
The resulting electron return currents produced most of
the observed effects.
Upgoing natural H+ and O+ ion beams also were examined.
The instabilities produced by the interaction of these two beam
species, which flow at different drift speeds,
were emphasized using linear and quasilinear analyses.
The stability of natural electron beams and the generation of waves
in regions where the electron cyclotron frequency is a multiple
of the plasma frequency also were investigated.
jgr_v94_p2645_1989
ARCS 3 ionospheric artificial argon ion beam injections - Waves near the heavy ion gyrofrequencies
Erlandson, R. E.; Cahill, L. J., JR.; Kaufmann, R. L.; Arnoldy, R. L.;Pollock, C. J.
jgr_v94_p453_1989
Heavy ion beam-ionosphere interactions - Charging and neutralizing the payload
Kaufmann, R. L.; Arnoldy, R. L.; Walker, D. N.; Holmes, J. C.; Pollock, C.J.
jgr_v94_p319_1989
Heating of upflowing auroral H(+) and O(+) beams - Results from quasi- linear theory
Ludlow, G. R.; Kaufmann, R. L.
jgr_v91_p10080_1986
Interaction of upgoing auroral H(+) and O(+) beams
Kaufmann, R. L.; Ludlow, G. R.; Collin, H. L.; Peterson, W. K.; Burch, J.L.
jgr_v90_p9595_1985
Heavy ion beam-ionosphere interactions - Electron acceleration
Kaufmann, R. L.; Arnoldy, R. L.; Moore, T. E.; Kintner, P. M.; Cahill, L.J., JR.
ssr_v39_p313_1984
What auroral electron and ion beams tell us about
magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling
Kaufmann, R. L.
jgr_v89_p2195_1984
Upgoing ion beams. II - Fluid analysis and magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling
Kaufmann, R. L.; Kintner, P. M.
jgr_v87_p10487_1982
Upgoing ion beams. I - Microscopic analysis
Kaufmann, R. L.; Kintner, P. M.
jgr_v87_p7569_1982
Anomalous auroral electron distributions due to an artificial ion beam in the ionosphere
Moore, T. E.; Arnoldy, R. L.; Kaufmann, R. L.; Cahill, L. J., JR.;Kintner, P. M.; Walker, D. N.
jgr_v86_p7577_1981
Auroral electron beams - Stability and acceleration
Kaufmann, R. L.; Ludlow, G. R.
1978 - 1980: Auroral electrons, distribution functions,
the linear dielectric function, and wave growth.
This group of papers was the first to use experimentally
determined distribution functions
to study instabilities in the upper ionosphere.
Plateaus often appeared in the distribution functions, and were attributed
to the effects of instabilities.
jgr_v85_p1713_1980
Electrostatic wave growth - Secondary peaks in a measured auroral electron distribution function
Kaufmann, R. L.
jgr_v85_p5969_1980
Properties of the longitudinal dielectric function - An application to the auroral plasma
Dusenbery, P. B.; Kaufmann, R. L.
jgr_v83_p5663_1978
Stability of the auroral plasma - Parallel and perpendicular propagation of electrostatic waves
Kaufmann, R. L.; Dusenbery, P. B.; Thomas, B. J.
jgr_v83_p586_1978
Auroral electron distribution function
Kaufmann, R. L.; Dusenbery, P. B.; Thomas, B. J.; Arnoldy, R. L.
1974 - 1977: Electron acceleration, wave production and transmission
at the magnetopause and during SSC events.
Several wave processes that take place near the magnetopause were examined.
It was found that some magnetosheath waves are transmitted
rather efficiently through the magnetopause.
jgr_v82_p1573_1977
The magnetopause at 5.2 RE on August 4, 1972 - Magnetopause shape and structure
Kaufmann, R. L.; Cahill, L. J., JR.
jgr_v81_p1673_1976
Acceleration of auroral electrons in parallel electric fields
Kaufmann, R. L.; Walker, D. N.; Arnoldy, R. L.
jgr_v80_p1764_1975
MHD wave transmission and production near the magnetopause
Wolfe, A.; Kaufmann, R. L.
jgr_v79_p5187_1974
Hydromagnetic waves excited during an SSC
Kaufmann, R. L.; Walker, D. N.
jgr_v79_p549_1974
Electron acceleration during tail collapse
Kaufmann, R. L.
1965 - 1973: Magnetopause, magnetosheath, and bow shock.
Development of remote sensing on satellites.
These papers were the first to use remote sensing techniques
based on satellite data.
It was found that the magnetopause thickness and speed
can be determined with data from a single satellite.
The motion and dimensions of structures that flow in
the magnetosheath also were determined.
The thickness of the Earth's bow shock was estimated during a few
relatively low altitude crossings.
jgr_v78_p6549_1973
Speed and thickness of the magnetopause.
Kaufmann, R. L.; Konradi, A.
jgr_v77_p2780_1972
Trapping boundary and field-line motion during geomagnetic storms.
Kaufmann, R. L.; Horng, J.-T.; Konradi, A.
jgr_v76_p8189_1971
Physical structure of hydromagnetic disturbances in the inner magnetosheath.
Kaufmann, R. L.; Horng, J.
jgr_v75_p4666_1970
Large-amplitude hydromagnetic waves in the inner magnetosheath
Horng, J.-T.; Kaufmann, R. L.; Wolfe, A.
jgr_v74_p3609_1969
Explorer 12 magnetopause observations - Large- scale nonuniform motion.
Kaufmann, R. L.; Konradi, A.
jgr_v72_p2323_1967
Shock observations with the Explorer 12 magnetometer.
Kaufmann, R. L.
jgr_v70_p1627_1965
Evidence for rapid motion of the outer boundary of the magnetosphere.
Kaufmann, R. L.; Konradi, A.
1962 - 1965: Radiation belts and adiabatic invariants.
These studies introduced a parameter to study how particle
mirror points move as particles diffuse in the radiation belts.
McIlwain named this the K parameter.
jgr_v70_p2181_1965
Conservation of the first and second adiabatic invariants.
Kaufmann, R. L.
jgr_v68_p685_1963
Trapped electron time histories for L = 1.18 to L = 1.30
Welch, J. A., Jr.; Kaufmann, R. L.; Hess, W. N.
1959 - 1961: Heavy ion nuclear reactions.
These papers introduced the idea that the transfer of
many neutrons and protons between two heavy ions was
possible during grazing collisions.
The two nuclei briefly join during such interactions.
They break apart before a single rotation has been
completed because of the large angular momentum of the system.
pr_v121_p206_1961
Single-nucleon transfer reactions of F19, O16,
N14, and C12
Kaufmann, R.; Wolfgang, R.
pr_v121_p192_1961
Nucleon transfer reactions in grazing collisions of heavy ions
Kaufmann, R.; Wolfgang, R.
Reprinted in:
"Selected Papers in Physics, Heavy Ion III"
Shiro Yoshida and Hiromichi Kamitsubo, editors,
Physical Society of Japan, 1981
"Benchmark Papers in Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics"
G. T. Seaborg, editor,
Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross Inc., 1981
prl_v3_p232_1959
Complex nucleon transfer reactions of heavy ions
Kaufmann, R.; Wolfgang, R.